Goitre refers to thyroid swelling. How much do you know about the thyroid? What are its functions in the human body? What are hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism? Soon, you’ll find out the answers after reading this article!

1. Understanding the Thyroid:

The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland located in the neck. It primarily secretes thyroid hormones, which are crucial for the body’s metabolism, affecting heart rate, regulating body temperature, digestive system, brain development, and muscle contraction. These hormones are essential for growth and development. The main hormones secreted by the thyroid are thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Suppose the thyroid cannot secrete enough hormones properly. In that case, it can lead to thyroid dysfunction, affecting temperature regulation, weight management, digestive function, neuromuscular coordination, and the regular operation of other organ systems, potentially causing various chronic diseases.

2. The Two Main Thyroid Diseases:

a. Hyperthyroidism:

The thyroid secretes too many hormones, speeding up the function of body organs. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism include excessive sweating, heat intolerance, sudden weight loss, anxiety, irritability, rapid heartbeat, sleep difficulty, persistent fatigue, weakness and others.

b. Hypothyroidism:

The thyroid does not secrete enough hormones, slowing down the function of body organs. Symptoms of hypothyroidism include constipation, persistent fatigue, cold intolerance, muscle and joint pain, weight gain, swelling in the body and others.

Besides hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, thyroid swelling can also be caused by thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer. Therefore, if you notice neck swelling or lumps, you should seek medical help promptly to determine the cause.

3. About Iodine:

The thyroid uses iodine to produce hormones, so managing diet is very beneficial for patients with a thyroid disease. Foods high in iodine include kelp, seaweed, crabs, shrimp, and shellfish. Hyperthyroidism patients should reduce or avoid these high-iodine foods, but those with hypothyroidism should follow their doctor's advice to supplement iodine appropriately. For patients with thyroid nodules who do not have hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism based on blood tests, a regular diet is fine.

4. High-Risk Groups for Thyroid Diseases:

These groups should pay special attention to thyroid health and undergo regular check-ups to prevent and detect thyroid diseases early.

In conclusion, thyroid problems are indeed very common, but some may think they are not severe and immediate treatment is unnecessary. However, delaying treatment can lead to worsening conditions. Prompt treatment not only improves the quality of life but also prevents further deterioration, ensuring overall health. Remember to do regular check-ups for early detection and treatment!