Arthritis and other joint issues are no longer limited to the elderly, though many believe this is primarily an “old age” disease. Arthritis is not necessarily caused by joint degeneration as it may also arise from issues within the immune system. This topic will be divided into three parts, and as the first of the series, this article will help you better understand arthritis by exploring what it is, its types, symptoms and contributing factors.

What is Arthritis?

In simple terms, arthritis is the inflammation and pain in one or more joints. It can affect small joints, like those in the fingers, or larger ones, such as hips or knees. Affected joints often become stiff and may even change shape, impacting daily activities.

There are two primary types of arthritis:

1. Osteoporosis:

· This is the most common form of arthritis, often described as “wear and tear” of the joints. Over time, the cartilage within the joints begins to wear down, leading to direct friction between bones. This results in joint pain, stiffness or swelling.

2. Rheumatoid arthritis:

· Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the healthy cells, causing inflammation and pain in the joints. Over time, it may even damage the joint structure.

What are the Symptoms of Arthritis?

**In addition to the above, rheumatoid arthritis may also worsen stiffness after prolonged inactivity, particularly in the morning. Other symptoms can include fatigue, weakness, weight loss or fever.

What are the Risk Factors for Arthritis?

Certain risk factors for arthritis are beyond individual control, such as:

· Age: Risk increases with ageing

· Gender: Women are more susceptible than men

· Family history

Other risk factors for arthritis include:

· Being overweight or obese

· Lack of physical activity

· Joint injuries or history of infections

· Occupational risks: Jobs requiring repetitive joint use, such as heavy physical labour or prolonged standing

· Diet: High-sugar, high-fat diets can increase inflammation

· Smoking

Understanding the types, symptoms, and risk factors associated with arthritis can aid in early identification and prevention. Adopting a healthy lifestyle, engaging in moderate exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and following a balanced diet are effective ways to reduce the risk of arthritis. This way, we can keep our joints healthy, allow us to stay active and enjoy life.

Stay tuned for Part 2, where we will continue exploring more on arthritis!